In the 1960s and 70s, blue-green algae spread rampantly throughout Lake Erie, posing a significant ecological crisis for Canada and the United States. While the two countries successfully managed the crisis, eliminating much of the algae problem and creating a rare environmental success story, the algae has returned to Lake Erie, and this time, government intervention has been short of heroic. The spread of blue-green algae (or eutrophication) is caused by the leaching of nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus into bodies of water. The nutrients usually come from agricultural run off or from household industries. Eutrophication is problematic because it blocks sunlight and depletes the lake of its dissolved oxygen. The problem was so severe in the 60s and 70s that western Lake Erie was declared “dead.” As a result of combined government action involving changes to farming practices, improving wastewater infrastructure, and banning phosphates from detergents, the algal bloom problem slowly resolved. Much of the lake and its ecosystems recovered. However, algae returned in the early 2000s despite sustained efforts and the algae is even more toxic than before. Studies are suggesting that the spike in vegetable and cannabis greenhouses could be a significant contributor to the return of the algae, but it is still unclear what is causing its renewed, more vigorous spread. Nevertheless, it is clear that Canadian government action is lacking as they are doing little to test the water, check greenhouse sites, or adapt their mitigation plan for Lake Erie. |